Iranco 杂志团队
技术规格、Mamra 粒数分级、实验室限值、印度与海湾需求及相对美国与西班牙的贸易策略
出口指南· Mamra杏仁· 2026
伊朗杏仁出口：目标市场、质量和与主要生产商的竞争
技术规格、MAMRA计数分级、实验室限制、印度和海湾需求，以及与美国和西班牙相比的商业战略。
从收获到港口排放：合同规格、与加利福尼亚的生化对比、在印度和海湾地区的购买模式，以及光学分拣和集装箱物流。
| Key index | Value | Trade meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Chaharmahal-Bakhtiari | 24% | Mamra hub on Zayanderud |
| Mamra kernel fat | 55–60% | Sensory gap vs California |
| Commercial moisture | Max 6.5% | DDP-06 / aflatoxin control |
| HS | 080211 / 080212 | In-shell / shelled kernels |
Introduction
树木杏仁是一种战略性非石油出口产品。山区种植的伊朗地块具有高脂肪、密集的干物质和稳定的味道，无需强制加州巴氏杀菌—但分类和质量控制必须与印度、海湾、欧盟和欧亚经济联盟的规定相匹配。
1. Production ecology and geography
出口集群： Chaharmahal-Bakhtiari 24% （ Saman ，约2万公顷） ， South Khorasan 18% ， Fars 13% ， Razavi Khorasan 10% ， Markazi 7% ， Zanjan 6%。盛开后期Esfand-Ordibehesht ；收获高峰期Shahrivar-Mehr ；初夏地段开始出口合同。
2. Commercial types
Mamra: premium; 30–36% kernel yield, 30–45% twins, ~60% oil. Paper-skin (Monagha): 50–65% yield, fragile shell. Stone: hard shell, long storage, oil/milling. White: cream kernels for GCC nut mixes. Shahroudi: slicing/chopping lines.
| Type | Yield | Oil | Use |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mamra | 30–36% | 55–60% | India & Gulf |
| Paper-skin | 50–65% | 50–54% | Luxury mixes |
| Stone | 25–30% | 52–56% | Industry |
| White | 45–55% | 48–52% | Premium nuts |
| Shahroudi | 32–38% | 48–52% | Slices/chips |
3. Mamra grading — count per 100 g
更低的数量=更大的内核和更高的价格。10次升级（例如100→ 90 ）可以增加15–25%的价值。
| Grade | Count/100g | Target buyer |
|---|---|---|
| Super Royal (5A) | 80–85 | Gulf/India gifting |
| Royal (4A) | 90–95 | Hotels & gift packs |
| Export standard (3A) | 100–105 | India wholesale |
| Commercial (2A) | 110–115 | Retail chains |
| Mini | ≥130 | Ayurveda & oil |
Iranco接受等级和目的地规格的采购申请。
4. QC and laboratory tests
UNECE DDP-06 ；水分≤ 6.5% （ PREMIUM 4.5–5.5% ， Aw < 0.60 ）。EU 2023/915 ： B1 ≤ 8 ，总计≤ 10 µg/kg直接食物；度假后12/15。FFA ≤ 1% ， PV ≤ 1.5 ，芯片≤ 2% ，苦味≈ 0 ，沙门氏菌阴性。
| Parameter | Limit | Priority |
|---|---|---|
| Moisture | ≤6.5% | Critical |
| Aflatoxin B1 (EU) | 8 µg/kg | Customs |
| FFA | ≤1% | Rancidity |
| PV | ≤1.5 | Oxidation |
| Chips/breakage | ≤2% | Export grade |
5. Target export markets
India: top Mamra buyer; APMC & Khari Baoli; peak Aug–Oct. UAE: super royal + paper-skin; Dubai Municipality. Turkey: AFRT, slicing. Russia: EAC mark. EU: HACCP, traceability.
| Country | Preference | Peak season |
|---|---|---|
| India | Mamra 80–110 | Pre-Diwali |
| UAE | Super royal + paper-skin | Holidays |
| Turkey | Stone / mid Mamra | Late autumn |
| Russia | Industrial / economy | Pre-NY |
| EU | Organic / high fat | Sep–Dec |
6. International competition
美国：体积、PPO/蒸汽、脂肪< 50%。西班牙：马可纳，欧盟成本高。澳大利亚：反季节。伊朗：印度/海湾地区无与伦比的高端Mamra ；机械化和包装方面的差距。
| Origin | Strength | Weakness |
|---|---|---|
| Iran | Mamra taste & fat | Sorting/mechanisation |
| USA | Volume & price | Mandatory pasteurisation |
| Spain | Marcona | Drought cost |
| Australia | Opposite season | California-like profile |
7–9. Processing, MAP/vacuum, ISPM 15 & logistics
脱壳绿< 48h ，干< 40°C ，多级饼干，彩色/近红外分选机， 100g屏幕。MAP N ₂ > 98%或真空； 5–7层纸箱； HT托盘56°C/30min。Bandar Abbas→ India FCL 10–18天：班轮+ CaCl ₂ ；冷藏箱10–12°C ； TIR Tabriz–Bazargan/Astara。与香料/咖啡气味隔离的商店。
| Mode | Conditions | Transit |
|---|---|---|
| Dry FCL | RH<60% + desiccant | 10–18 days |
| Reefer | 10–12°C | 10–18 days |
| Road TIR | T<18°C summer | 5–8 days |
| Air | Samples/luxury | 24–48h |
10–11. Pricing & industrial uses
等级、壳内产量、芯片、外汇、排灯节日历、国际贸易术语解释通则（ EXW、FOB Bandar Abbas、CIF Nhava Sheva ）。用途：马卡龙、巧克力、杏仁奶、阿育吠陀、化妆品油。
| Industry | Best type | Iranian edge |
|---|---|---|
| Macaron | Mid Mamra meal | High oil — soft paste |
| Chocolate | Shahroudi/stone | Heat resistance |
| Plant milk | Mamra 110–130 | Stable emulsion |
| Ayurveda | Mini + stone | Vitamin E density |
12. Importer checklist
- 合同类型和数字等级区间
- 壳内收率试验（ ≥ 33% MAMRA ）
- DDP-06水分和目的地黄曲霉毒素
- 薯片、苦味和昆虫胶囊
- 1 kg密封见证样品
- MAP/VACUUM ， ISPM 15 ，容器类型
- SGS/IEC检验，植物检疫套装
- 检验后CAD
13–14. Quotes & sourcing via Iranco
发送类型、内核与外壳、等级、缺陷公差、包装、吨位、港口、国际贸易术语解释通则和特殊COA需求。Iranco将买家与Chaharmahal的果园和光学分拣线连接起来，使货物与批准的样品相匹配。
15. Summary
伊朗拥有持久的高端利基市场；扩大规模需要DDP-06、欧盟2023/915、光学分拣、地图、100克等级和防集装箱汗水物流。
16. FAQ
Why is Mamra pricier than California?
Limited origin, 55–60% fat, no PPO, Ayurveda demand.
How does grading work?
Kernel count per 100 g; 80–85 is largest.
Moisture cap?
6.5% DDP-06; premium 4.5–5.5%.
EU aflatoxin?
B1=8, total=10 ppb direct food.
Ocean freight?
MAP, CaCl₂ desiccant, liner, summer reefer.
Confectionery almond?
Stone/Shahroudi chips; Mamra meal for macaron.
MOQ?
~1×20' FCL (10–14 t vacuum kernels).
Direct order?
Submit specs on Iranco.
