Команда журнала Iranco
От шафрана, солодки и дамасской розы до ширазского тимьяна, асафетиды и растительных смол — качество, стандарты, упаковка и профессиональные критерии закупки
Лекарственные травы · Экспорт · HS 121190
Лекарственные растения Ирана: виды, отличия и экспортные рынки
От шафрана, солодки и дамасской розы до ширазского тимьяна, асафетиды и растительных смол — различия продуктов, качество, рынки, стандарты и критерии закупки.
Иран обладает значительным разнообразием лекарственных и ароматических растений, но коммерческая ценность зависит от вида, части растения, активных веществ и переработки.
1. Iran's position in diversity and production
Иран — одна из ключевых зон биоразнообразия Западной Азии.
Торговые группы: цветы, листья, корни, семена, смолы, масла, экстракты.
Хорасан — центр шафрана.
2. Key Iranian medicinal plants and their differences
Не сравнивайте только по народному названию.
| Product | Plant part | Trade forms | Buyer criterion | Main use |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saffron | Stigma | Threads, powder, extract | Colour strength, aroma, purity | Food, extract, supplements |
| Licorice | Root | Whole, cut, powder, extract | Botanical ID, glycyrrhizin | Pharma, food |
| Damask rose | Flower & bud | Dried bud, petals, rosewater, oil | Aroma, oil profile | Fragrance, food, cosmetics |
| Shirazi thyme | Aerial parts | Dried, powder, oil | Oil profile, cleanliness | Food, pharma |
| Asafoetida | Oleo-gum resin | Lump, tear, powder | Odour, resin, purity | Spice, pharma |
| Galbanum | Oleo-gum resin | Raw & refined gum | Purity, odour, resin profile | Fragrance |
| Tragacanth | Astragalus gum | Ribbon, flake, powder | Colour, swelling, viscosity | Pharma, food |
| Green cumin | Seed | Whole & powder | Purity, aroma | Food & extract |
Шафран: ISO 3632, код 091020.
Солодка: глицирризин; ширазский тимьян — Zataria multiflora.
3. What should foreign buyers request from suppliers?
«Премиум тимьян» недостаточно для контракта.
Научное название — первая линия защиты покупателя.
| Parameter | Example spec | Importance |
|---|---|---|
| Plant name | Common & scientific name | Prevent species mix-up |
| Plant part | Leaf, root, flower, seed, gum | Define product identity |
| Source | Cultivated or wild-harvested | Traceability & sustainability |
| Product form | Whole, cut, powder, extract | Define end use |
| Moisture | Per product standard | Mould control |
| Foreign matter | Botanical & non-botanical | Purity assessment |
| Active compounds | Species-specific | Industrial value |
| Pesticide residues | Per destination market | Safety & clearance |
4. How is export quality evaluated?
Контроль начинается с ботанической идентификации.
Влажность указывается в контракте.
Остатки и микробиология — по рынку.
5. Which countries import Iranian medicinal plants?
HS 121190: Индия, Турция, Германия в 2023.
Рынок шафрана иной: Испания, Китай.
Германия — рынок высоких стандартов.
| Market | Product group | Demand profile |
|---|---|---|
| India | Herbs & plant parts | Processing & raw trade |
| Turkey | Dried herbs & parts | Regional market |
| Germany | Medicinal herbs & gums | High QC requirements |
| Pakistan | Dried herbs & seeds | Regional bulk trade |
| Spain | Saffron | Repacking & trade hub |
| China | Saffron & botanicals | Consumption & processing |
6. HS codes — why there is no single code
Ошибка — один код ТН ВЭД для всех трав.
До котировки: вид, часть, форма.
| Product group | HS code | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Saffron | 091020 | Saffron |
| Medicinal herbs & plant parts | 121190 | Perfumery, pharma & similar uses |
| Natural gums & resins | 130190 | Natural gum, resin & gum-resin |
| Plant extracts | 130219 | Other vegetable saps & extracts |
| Essential oils | Chapter 3301 | Essential oils |
7. Standards and market entry requirements
Регулирование зависит от конечного использования.
EMA GACP 2025.
Фитосанитарные сертификаты по назначению.
8. Export packaging
Упаковка защищает продукт и активные вещества.
| Product form | Suitable packaging | Main risk |
|---|---|---|
| Whole dried herb | Bag or carton with inner liner | Moisture & breakage |
| Dried leaf & flower | Low-pressure protective carton | Breakage & colour loss |
| Dried root | Multi-layer industrial bag | Soil & moisture |
| Herbal powder | Moisture-barrier multi-layer bag | Moisture uptake |
| Gum/resin | Food/pharma grade bag or carton | Impurity & moisture |
| Essential oil | Impermeable container | Light, air & reaction |
Бутоны розы не сжимать.
Маркировка партии обязательна.
9. Transport and storage — hidden quality loss
Риски: влага, тепло, поглощение запахов.
Морской, автомобильный и авиаперевоз.
10. What drives Iranian medicinal herb prices?
Без спецификации нет цены.
Корень и экстракт — разные товары.
| Factor | Price impact |
|---|---|
| Botanical species | Defines identity and raw value |
| Plant part | Root, flower, leaf, seed & gum differ in value |
| Active compounds | Critical for industrial buyers |
| Purity & moisture | Affects real dry weight & processing cost |
| Product form | Whole, cut, powder, extract |
| Testing & certificates | Full panel adds cost |
| Order volume & Incoterms | Affects prep & freight cost |
11. Iran vs main competitors
Сравнивайте продукт с продуктом.
Преимущества Ирана: разнообразие, шафран, роза, смолы.
12. From raw herb to industrial raw material
Цепочка: сырьё → сортировка → резка → порошок → экстракт.
Фарма требует однородности партий.
Чек-лист импортёра
- Record exact plant name and scientific name.
- Specify plant part (root, flower, leaf, seed or gum).
- Define source (cultivated or wild-harvested).
- Specify form (whole, cut, powder, extract or oil).
- Obtain a representative sample.
- Define required actives or chemical profile.
- Put moisture and foreign-matter limits in the contract.
- List required tests (pesticides, metals, microbiology).
- Set acceptance limits for breakage and impurities.
- Require a certificate of analysis per batch.
- Specify packaging type and net weight.
- Verify batch numbering and traceability.
- Assess supplier's annual capacity.
- Align HS code with destination customs broker.
- Check destination phytosanitary rules.
- For large orders, sample before loading.
- Define delivery terms with Incoterms.
- Submit a purchase request on Iranco with these specs.
Какая информация нужна для точной цены?
- Product name and scientific name
- Plant part and product form
- Grade, moisture and expected actives
- Foreign-matter limits and required tests
- Order quantity, packaging and destination country
- Delivery port, shipping mode and Incoterms
FAQ
Which Iranian medicinal herbs export most?
No single ranking exists due to different HS codes. Saffron, licorice, rose products, cumin, natural gums and dried herbs are all visible in trade.
How does export product differ from domestic market?
Mainly standardisation: scientific name, controlled moisture, limited foreign matter, traceability, proper packaging and test results.
Which countries buy Iranian medicinal herbs?
HS 121190: India, Turkey, Germany, Pakistan; saffron: Spain, China, Italy, Gulf states.
Are all herbs under HS 121190?
No. Saffron is 091020; gums, extracts and oils fall in other chapters.
What matters for licorice quality?
Species and part, root cleanliness, moisture, foreign matter and glycyrrhizin for industrial use.
Key tests for EU export?
Botanical ID, pesticides, heavy metals, microbiology; GACP and pharmacopoeial specs for pharma API.
Wild-harvested vs cultivated?
Neither is universally better; wild may have chemistry advantages but weaker traceability; industry buyers want batch consistency.
How to source from Iran?
Define purchase specs, review sample and COA, submit request on Iranco.
Итог
Ценность ~2300 видов Ирана реализуется через стандартизацию и прослеживаемость.
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