فريق مجلة إيرانكو
سلة التصدير، بحث أربع طبقات، TR CU وGSO وGACC وEU 2023/915، QC مختبر، عينات، MAP، سلسلة باردة، Incoterms وعقود
دليل التصدير · QC · التعبئة · السلسلة الباردة · العقد
خارطة طريق تطوير صادرات المواد الغذائية الإيرانية؛ من دراسة السوق وأخذ العينات إلى العقد والشحن
Comprehensive trade and logistics guide for B2B exporters and importers: macro export structure and HS basket, four-layer market research, TR CU, GSO, GACC and EU Reg 2023/915, lab testing (ISO 3632, Brix, aflatoxin), sampling, MAP and aseptic packs, five cold-chain steps, Incoterms 2020, six trade documents, payment and dispute resolution — Iranco Magazine.
١. هيكل التصدير الكلي وسلة المنتجات
Aggregate Iranian food export value is often in the $5–7 billion range, with major flows to neighbors, the Gulf, EAEU, Asia and Europe. Focus on products where Iran has quality, cost or geographic advantage — not necessarily low-margin bulk commodities.
| Product | Sample HS | Main markets | Key control |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pistachio | 0802.51 | GCC, EU, China | Aflatoxin, grade, moisture |
| Dates | 0804.10 / 0804.30 | Gulf, Asia | Moisture, pesticide residues |
| Saffron | 0910.20 | EU, Spain, Gulf | ISO 3632, purity |
| Tomato paste | 2002.90 | Iraq, Afghanistan, Africa | Brix, pH, HMC |
| Milk powder | 0402.21 | EAEU, Central Asia | TR CU 033, micro |
| Biscuits / wafers | 1905.31 | Neighbors, Gulf | Allergens, shelf life, halal |
| Pasta | 1902.19 | Iraq, Africa | Cereal aflatoxin, labels |
٢. منهجية بحث السوق (أربع طبقات)
- Macro: HS import volume, competitors (Turkey, India, USA), seasonality and FX.
- Regulatory: Facility registration (GACC, SFDA, EAC), MRL, labeling — “can enter” before “can sell”.
- Channel: Importer, factory, retail; different grades and packs.
- Operations: Incoterms, reefer, lead time, packaging line capacity.
| Market | Iranian products | Transport edge | Risk |
|---|---|---|---|
| Russia / EAEU | Fruit, milk powder, frozen seafood | North, transit | EAC, −18°C |
| UAE / GCC | Pistachio, saffron, dates, paste | Short sea | GSO, halal, registration |
| Iraq | Dairy, paste, pasta, fruit | Road | Border, payment |
| India | Saffron, pistachio, dried fruit | Ocean | FSSAI, tariffs |
| European Union | Pistachio, saffron, extracts | BCP, sea | MRL, Reg 2023/915 |
٣. المتطلبات الفنية في الوجهة
- EAEU — TR CU 021/2011: Packaged food safety with EAC; dairy TR CU 033/2013.
- GCC — GSO 9: Arabic labels, origin, dates; SFDA/SADAIA/FIRS by country.
- China — GACC: Facility and product registration before shipment; AQSIQ at customs.
- EU — Reg (EU) 2023/915: Contaminant limits with MRL 396/2005, Allergen 1169/2011 and CHED at BCP.
ISO 22000 or HACCP supports the plant but does not replace GACC or EAC — align before final label print and export cartons.
٤. QC المختبر
COA must come from the same batch as the shipment; test methods should be named in the contract.
- Saffron: ISO 3632 (Crocin, Safranal, Picrocrocin), moisture, heavy metals.
- Tomato paste: Brix, pH, Hunter L/a/b, Bostwick viscosity, HMC (peel and core).
- Pistachio: Aflatoxin (B1 and total), moisture, open shell %, size.
| Product | Physical | Micro | Safety / contaminants |
|---|---|---|---|
| Saffron | Moisture, colour | — | Purity, lead |
| Paste | Brix, Bostwick | TVC, mold | Lead in can, BPA |
| Pistachio | Moisture, size | If required | Aflatoxin, MRL |
| Milk powder | Fat, solubility | TBC | Antibiotic residues |
٥. بروتوكول أخذ العينات
- Representative samples from multiple pallets — not one row by the warehouse door.
- Counter sample ×3: Contract sample, sealed pre-shipment with exporter, duplicate with buyer/inspector.
- Provide TDS, batch COA and proforma aligned with HS and proposed label.
- Seal photos, pallet numbers and PSI report before container departure.
٦. تعبئة التصدير
MAP for cheese and sliced meats; aseptic for purées and some beverages; cartons with BCT for reefer stacks; wood ISPM 15 (HT/MB) with IPPC mark for EU and many destinations.
| Product | Inner pack | Carton / pallet | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pistachio | Vacuum / barrier liner | ISPM 15, 10–12.5 kg | Moisture barrier, heat seal |
| Canned paste | Can, lacquer | Corrugated case | Lead migration |
| Saffron | Sachet / tin | Master carton | Light and moisture |
| UHT milk | Tetra / pouch | Shrink pallet | Dry or controlled reefer |
٧. لوجستيات السلسلة الباردة — خمس خطوات
- Pre-cool product to set-point before loading.
- Load with reefer airflow map; separate ethylene-sensitive loads.
- Log temperature with data loggers — annex to B/L; watch container sweat in Gulf summer.
- Plug-in and monitoring at transshipment (Jebel Ali, Colombo).
- Fast delivery and unload — demurrage and thermal shock in claims.
| Sample lane | Origin | Destination | Mode |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gulf | Bandar Abbas / Bushehr | Jebel Ali, Dammam | Reefer / dry |
| Iraq | Land border | Baghdad, Erbil | Summer reefer |
| EAEU | North / transit | Moscow, Astana | −18°C frozen |
| EU | Southern port | Rotterdam, Hamburg | BCP + CHED |
٨. تسعير التصدير وIncoterms 2020
Cost stack: raw materials + production + QC + packaging + inland haul + loading + insurance/main carriage (per Incoterm) + documents and inspection.
| Incoterm | Delivery | Main carriage | Food use |
|---|---|---|---|
| EXW | Factory | Buyer | Low exporter control |
| FCA | Named place | Buyer | Preferred for containers |
| FOB | Alongside vessel | Buyer | Traditional sea only |
| CFR / CIF | Load port | Seller | CIF + insurance; reefer extra |
| DAP | Destination | Seller | Clearance by buyer |
٩. العقود والمستندات والدفع
Six core documents per shipment:
- Sales contract + signed numeric spec and AQL annex
- Proforma / commercial invoice
- Packing list with batch and weights
- Bill of lading or CMR
- Certificate of origin (COO)
- Health / phytosanitary + COA and special certs (halal, EAC)
Payment: T/T (advance + balance), L/C at sight or usance (match description to HS), or CAD. Plan regional export FX and official rates in cash flow.
١٠. النزاعات والمطالبات والمرتجعات
- Claim notice period (e.g. 7 days after arrival) and duplicate sample reference.
- Critical defects (full reject) vs discount for minor deviation.
- Returns: carrier, insurance and Incoterm; re-export or destruction cost.
- Arbitration (ICC, Dubai, Tehran) and governing law in contract.
قائمة تحقق المستورد
- Consistent HS across documents
- Signed specs and AQL
- GACC/SFDA/EAC registration confirmed
- Sealed sample and COA from same line
- Destination label approved
- Incoterm and reefer plug defined
- PSI and reference lab agreed
- ISPM 15 and carton BCT
- Data logger in annex
- Claim and arbitration clauses
RFQ للتسعير
- Product name, HS, grade, QC parameters (Brix, aflatoxin, ISO 3632)
- Lot size, pack type, label language
- Destination, Incoterm, reefer need
- Delivery window and payment terms
الخلاصة
The roadmap is complete when market research, rules, lab work, samples, packaging, cold chain, Incoterms and contract share one timeline. Iranco connects detailed RFQs to Iranian food suppliers — pistachio, saffron, paste, milk and dates.
أسئلة شائعة
What is the first step for food export from Iran?
Choose market and a credible buyer, then HS and registration (GACC/SFDA/EAC) before mass production and label print.
What does ISO 3632 cover for saffron?
Colour and aroma parameters (Crocin, Safranal, Picrocrocin) — COA must match agreed negin/sargol grade.
Which tests to list for tomato paste in an RFQ?
Brix, pH, Bostwick, HMC, micro and for cans lead migration — Hunter for batch colour.
EU pistachio aflatoxin limits?
Total aflatoxin often 4 µg/kg and B1 ≤ 2 µg/kg — GCC and China similar or stricter; COA from actual batch.
FCA or FOB for reefer from Bandar Abbas?
FCA at named place (terminal/warehouse) is clearer for containers; FOB only when cargo is on vessel deck.
How is EU Reg 2023/915 different from MRL rules?
2023/915 covers food contaminants; pesticide MRL is 396/2005 — both apply at EU entry.
Why triple counter samples?
To arbitrate quality or thermal shock disputes after transit — claims fail without sealed duplicates.
How do I inquire via Iranco?
Send an RFQ with technical specs, destination and Incoterm through the Iranco contact form.
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